Restless Legs Syndrome Frequently Asked Questions

Millions of people are living with restless legs syndrome. Whether you have restless legs syndrome or know someone who does, here is a guide to the basics.

What is restless legs syndrome?

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder that causes unpleasant sensations in the legs. People describe these sensations as aching, throbbing, itching, pulling, or tingling. Twitching, jerking, and the irresistible urge to move the legs also happens.^1,2

What are the types of restless legs syndrome?

There are 2 types of restless legs syndrome, primary and secondary.²

• Primary RLS is also called idiopathic, which means the cause is unknown. Within primary RLS there are 2 subgroups. People who develop restless legs before age 45 generally have inherited the condition from someone in their family. People who develop restless legs after age 45 usually do not. Symptoms may come and go but tend to get worse the older the person gets.
• Secondary RLS is caused by another health condition. With secondary RLS, symptoms tend to get better once the underlying condition is treated.

Who gets restless legs syndrome?

RLS is one of the most common sleep disorders. Studies estimate that between 5 and 15 percent of U.S. adults and 2 to 4 percent of children have restless legs syndrome. Women are more likely to have RLS than men. RLS may begin at any age, but most people are over age 40. RLS is more common in North American and European countries than in Asian countries.^1,3-5

What causes restless legs syndrome?

Doctors believe RLS is caused by a combination of genetics and the environment. It may be that low iron levels in the brain may interfere with dopamine and levodopa, 2 brain chemicals that control movement. However, more research is needed to better understand what causes RLS.^1,2

How is restless legs syndrome diagnosed?

Most RLS is diagnosed by a doctor’s physical exam and medical history. Your doctor may ask you to fill out a sleep diary for 1 to 2 weeks. There is no blood test for RLS, though your doctor may check your blood iron levels. A sleep study in a lab may help determine if you have other sleep disorders such as periodic limb movement disorder or sleep apnea.

How is restless legs syndrome treated?

Mild to moderate RLS may be controlled with lifestyle changes, exercise, and over-the-counter and prescription devices. More severe RLS may be treated with a combination of lifestyle changes, iron supplements, and prescription drugs. The type of medicines prescribed for RLS include:

• Anti-seizure drugs
• Drugs for Parkinson’s disease
• Opioids
• Benzodiazepines

How can I manage life with restless legs syndrome?

Living with a sleep disorder like restless legs syndrome can impact many aspects of life, including physical and mental health. Lifestyle changes and treatment options can often help relieve symptoms and improve sleep quality. Our community shares experiences, tips, and techniques to help you live better with RLS.